Understanding HSV-1: Separating Fact from Fear
HSV-1, a common sexually transmitted disease (STD), often sparks anxiety, but in reality, it’s often not a cause for concern. Many individuals with HSV-1 experience mild or no symptoms at all. Let’s dive into the basics of this virus, its transmission, and management.
The Lowdown on Herpes
Herpes is an extremely common STD caused by the herpes simplex virus, which comes in two forms: type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). While HSV-2 typically leads to genital herpes, researchers have found that HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes. Despite its prevalence, nearly 90% of people with herpes are unaware they have it, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 776,000 people contract new herpes infections annually.
Transmission: The How and When
“Herpes is incredibly common,” notes Dr. Raquel Dardik, an OB/GYN at NYU Langone Medical Center. HSV-1 is often acquired through non-sexual contact during childhood, whereas HSV-2 is typically transmitted during sexual contact with someone who has genital herpes. Interestingly, men are more likely to transfer the virus to women than vice versa. Moreover, asymptomatic shedding means your partner may have passed it to you without knowing they had it.
What to Expect
Unless you’re experiencing a herpes outbreak, you won’t notice any changes. During an outbreak, a painful sore may appear on the genitals, rectum, or mouth, taking around four weeks to heal. “Online searches often yield dramatic pictures, but most people have very mild symptoms or don’t know they have it,” says Dr. Gil Weiss, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
The Severity of Herpes
While herpes is incurable, its impact on daily life is minimal. “My patients are often most upset about herpes due to the emotional stigma,” Dr. Dardik notes. However, genital herpes does increase the risk of contracting and spreading HIV, and it can have serious complications for pregnant women.
Taking Control
Though herpes isn’t part of a routine STI panel, doctors may perform a herpes blood test if symptoms are present. Daily antiviral medications like acyclovir or valacyclovir can reduce outbreaks and help suppress genital herpes. Condoms can also reduce the risk of transmission, but they’re not 100% effective. Researchers are actively seeking a cure or vaccine, with promising results from recent clinical trials.
Breaking the Stigma
The number of people infected with major STDs is at an all-time high. By tackling common misconceptions and promoting open, honest conversations with partners, we can work towards #ShatteringTheSTIgma. Getting tested should be a normal, non-threatening part of our lives.
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