Pink Eye: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What is Pink Eye?

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin membrane covering the white part of the eye. This inflammation causes blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become visible, giving the eye a pink or red appearance.

Types of Pink Eye

There are three main types of pink eye: viral, bacterial, and allergic. Each type has distinct causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

• Viral Conjunctivitis: Caused by a virus, this type of pink eye is highly contagious and can be accompanied by respiratory or cold symptoms. It usually clears up on its own within 7 to 14 days.
• Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, this type of pink eye is also highly contagious and can be treated with antibiotics. Symptoms typically improve within 2 to 5 days without treatment, but may last up to 2 weeks.
• Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites, this type of pink eye is not contagious. Symptoms typically subside once the allergen is removed.

Symptoms of Pink Eye

Common symptoms of pink eye include:

• Dry, itchy, gritty feeling eyes
• Blurred vision
• Eyes that seem “glued shut” after sleeping
• Swelling and pus

Preventing Pink Eye

Prevention is key when it comes to pink eye. Practice good hygiene and sanitation by:

• Washing your hands frequently
• Avoiding touching your face
• Not sharing makeup or personal items
• Properly cleaning and caring for contact lenses

Treatment Options

While pink eye usually clears up on its own, there are treatment options available to alleviate symptoms and reduce contagiousness.

• Prescription Antiviral Medications: For viral pink eye caused by herpes simplex or varicella-zoster viruses.
• Prescription Antibiotics: For bacterial pink eye, which can reduce symptoms and contagiousness within 24 hours.
• Over-the-Counter (OTC) and Home Remedies: Such as cold or warm compresses, saline drops, and antihistamine drops for allergies.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, consult your doctor:

• Eye pain
• Blurred vision that persists after wiping your eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Worsening symptoms after 24 hours on antibiotics

Frequently Asked Questions

When can I return to work or school? Wait until you’re no longer contagious, which depends on the type and severity of your infection.

Can I wear contact lenses with pink eye? No, dirty contact lenses can cause pink eye. Stop wearing contacts until the infection clears completely.