She Strengthens

The Unwelcome Guest: Understanding Norovirus

What is Norovirus?

If you’re suddenly hit with nausea and stomach pain, you might be one of the millions of people who contract norovirus every year. This highly contagious virus is a common culprit behind stomach bugs, flu, and viral gastroenteritis. With approximately 20 million Americans falling ill annually, chances are you’ve had a run-in with norovirus at some point.

How Does it Compare to Other Stomach Bugs?

Norovirus is one of the many viruses that can cause viral gastroenteritis, leading to inflammation of the stomach and intestines. While most people recover within a few days, norovirus can be serious, especially for children and older adults. In the United States, it leads to 56,000 to 71,000 hospitalizations and 570 to 800 deaths each year.

How Do You Get Norovirus?

This hardy virus survives freezing temperatures, hot temperatures, and some common disinfectants. You can contract it from someone who has the virus, contaminated food or water, or by touching a contaminated surface and then touching your mouth.

Symptoms of Norovirus

So, what does it feel like to have norovirus? Not great. The main symptoms include:

• Diarrhea (watery, not bloody)
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Stomach pain

Adults are more likely to experience diarrhea, while children are more likely to experience vomiting. Other symptoms may include:

• Chills
• Headache
• Fever
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue

Remedies for Norovirus

To start feeling better, follow these steps:

• Drink plenty of fluids: Avoid dehydration by steadily sipping water or other fluids, such as diluted sports drinks or juice.
• Rest: Stay in bed until you feel better to reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others.
• Keep it clean: Wash your hands and disinfect areas where you’ve been sick to stop spreading the virus.
• Eat: Once you feel up to it, follow your appetite and avoid food that may exacerbate symptoms.
• Call the doctor: If you’re not getting better after a day or two, contact a medical professional for advice on what to do next.

Who’s Most Likely to Catch Norovirus?

Norovirus is common, and most people have a case in their lifetime. Outbreaks tend to happen in places where groups of people are in close contact, such as nursing homes, schools, the military, sports teams, and cruise ships.

What Causes a Norovirus Infection?

The virus lives in the feces and vomit of people who have contracted it. If you have contact with someone who has the virus, it can enter your body. Contaminated food and surfaces can also spread the virus.

Reducing Your Risk of Norovirus Infection

To minimize your chance of getting norovirus, follow these tips:

• Wash your hands: Wash with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the bathroom and before, during, and after making or eating food.
• Clean surfaces: Disinfect areas where someone has vomited or had diarrhea with a bleach-based cleaner.
• Disinfect food preparation areas: Clean surfaces and utensils regularly to reduce the risk of contamination.
• Wash fresh produce: Thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables to reduce the risk of contamination.
• Isolate a sick family member: If possible, isolate a sick member of your household to reduce the risk of spreading the virus.

Complications of Norovirus

Most people recover from norovirus after a few days of staying hydrated. However, dehydration can happen quickly, especially in children and older adults. If someone with norovirus is unable to drink fluids, becomes lethargic, or has dry lips and eyes, they may be dehydrated. In severe cases, dehydration must be treated with intravenous fluids in a hospital. Call or visit a doctor immediately if you or a family member shows signs of dehydration.