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Unraveling the Mystery of Basilar Migraines

What is a Basilar Migraine?

Basilar migraines, also known as migraines with brainstem aura (MBA), are a rare and complex type of migraine that affects approximately 0.04% of the population. While migraines are common, basilar migraines are distinct due to their unique symptoms and potential risks.

Identifying Basilar Migraines

During a basilar migraine episode, you may experience a range of symptoms, including:

• Vision changes, such as zigzagging lights or stars
• Sensitivity to light or sound
• Numbness of the face, hands, or head
• Challenges speaking
• Vertigo
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
• Impaired hearing
• Double vision
• Impaired muscle control
• Reduced consciousness
• Tingling sensation
• Anxiety

These symptoms usually occur before the headache begins and can last anywhere from a few minutes to an hour.

Understanding the Causes of Basilar Migraines

While the exact causes of basilar migraines are still unknown, experts believe that nerve abnormalities and altered blood flow to certain parts of the brain may play a role. Potential external triggers include:

• Stress
• Bright lights
• Nitrites in food
• Excess hunger
• Motion sickness
• Exhaustion
• Strong smells
• Swift weather or pressure changes
• Headache medication overuse
• Hormonal birth control pills
• Hormone fluctuations in women
• Blood pressure medications
• Epilepsy or seizures

Who is at Risk?

Certain individuals are more likely to experience basilar migraines, including:

• Those with a family history of MBAs
• Women
• Children and teens
• People with epilepsy

The Link Between Basilar Migraines and Vertigo

Vertigo is a common symptom of basilar migraines, characterized by a feeling of spinning or loss of balance. Medically speaking, vertigo is defined as the sensation that you or the environment around you is moving, spinning, or shaking – even though it’s not.

Can You Have a Basilar Migraine Without a Headache?

While rare, it is possible to experience a basilar migraine without a headache. This is known as a silent migraine, where aura symptoms occur without head pain.

Basilar Migraine Stroke Risks

Basilar migraines and strokes can share similar symptoms, making it essential to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual symptoms. According to research, about 2% of people initially evaluated for a stroke are later diagnosed with a migraine instead.

Migraine Aura-Triggered Seizures

A migraine aura-triggered seizure is a rare disorder where a migraine with an aura triggers a seizure. This condition is defined by a seizure occurring during or within an hour after a migraine with aura episode.

Getting a Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect you’re experiencing basilar migraines, visit a doctor for support. Once you’ve had at least two basilar migraine episodes that meet certain criteria, a doctor can diagnose you and provide treatment. Treatment typically involves reducing pain and managing symptoms through medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies.

Prevention is Key

Preventing basilar migraines is crucial, as treatment can be challenging. Certain lifestyle and diet changes may help prevent MBAs, including:

• Getting enough sleep
• Eating healthy and avoiding trigger foods
• Keeping a migraine diary
• Trying alternative medicine techniques like acupuncture, massage, and essential oils
• Engaging in therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback techniques

By understanding the complexities of basilar migraines and taking proactive steps to prevent them, you can better manage your symptoms and improve your overall quality of life.