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Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis: Managing Pain and Maintaining Flexibility

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to pain and stiffness. If left untreated, AS can cause severe stiffness, posture, and mobility issues. While there is no cure for AS, various treatments and self-care methods can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Where Does AS Pain Typically Occur?

AS pain can manifest in different parts of the body, including:

• Back: The spine is the most common site of AS-related pain, due to inflammation in the vertebrae.
• Buttocks and Hips: Inflammation and damage to the sacroiliac (SI) joints can cause hip, pelvic, and buttock pain.
• Neck and Shoulders: Over time, AS can lead to stiffness in the neck, upper back, and shoulders.
• Rib Cage: In rare cases, AS can affect the cartilage between the breastbone and ribs, making breathing painful or difficult.
• Other Joints: AS can also cause pain or arthritis-like symptoms in the hips, knees, elbows, wrists, and ankles.

Treatment Options for AS

Treatment for AS aims to prevent or slow the progression of complications, such as joint damage or permanent posture or mobility issues. A combination of therapies may include:

• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, biologics, JAK inhibitors, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and corticosteroids.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches to enhance or preserve mobility and relieve pain.
• Occupational Therapy: Finding ways to protect joints during daily activities and recommending assistive devices if necessary.
• Surgery: Joint replacement in rare cases of severe joint damage or debilitating pain.
• Exercise: Gentle exercises to maintain mobility and range of motion.
• Self-Care: Eating an anti-inflammatory diet, avoiding smoking or vaping, getting enough rest, and protecting joints during everyday movements.

Preventing Pain and Maintaining Flexibility

To manage AS symptoms, try the following strategies:

• Experiment with different approaches: Find what works best for you, whether it’s the Alexander Technique, dietary changes, hot or cold therapy, or massage.
• Stick to your medication schedule: Take medications as prescribed and set reminders to stay on track.
• Manage stress: Find ways to cope with stress, such as journaling, reading, or meditation.
• Get moving: Engage in gentle exercises, like yoga or dancing, to release endorphins and maintain mobility.
• Avoid smoking and vaping: Quit smoking and vaping to reduce inflammation.
• Get enough sleep: Prioritize rest to avoid exacerbating pain and stiffness.
• Stretch regularly: Gentle stretching can ease joint stiffness and maintain mobility.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience undiagnosed chronic pain, uncontrolled AS symptoms, or changes in symptoms, consult your healthcare provider. Additionally, seek medical attention if you have an inflamed joint that isn’t responding to treatment.

By understanding AS and its effects on the body, you can take proactive steps to manage pain, maintain flexibility, and improve your overall quality of life.