She Strengthens

Understanding Alopecia Areata: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Losing hair is a natural process, but when it falls out in patches, it can be a sign of an underlying condition like alopecia areata. This autoimmune disorder affects millions of people worldwide, causing hair loss on the scalp, face, and body. While the exact cause is still unknown, researchers believe it’s linked to genetic and environmental factors.

What is Alopecia Areata?

Alopecia areata is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy hair follicles, leading to hair loss. It can occur at any age, but most people develop it during childhood or their teenage years. The condition can be categorized into three main types: patchy alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis.

Symptoms of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata can cause sudden hair loss, often without warning. Common symptoms include:

• Oval or round bald patches on the scalp
• Hair loss concentrated on one side of the scalp
• Patchy hair loss on other areas of the body, such as eyebrows or beard
• Smooth and/or expanding areas of hair loss
• New patches of hair loss that join existing ones
• Small dents in the nails (pitting)
• Rough texture on the nails
• Fragile nails or nail breakage
• Red spots in the lunula (the whitish, crescent-shaped part at the base of the nail)
• White spots on the nails

Diagnosis and Treatment

A dermatologist will typically diagnose alopecia areata through a physical examination, medical history, and potentially, blood tests. While there’s no cure, various treatment options can help manage the condition and promote hair regrowth. These may include:

• Prescription-strength corticosteroid creams
• Cortisone injections
• Minoxidil (Rogaine)
• Anthralin
• Oral corticosteroids
• Contact immunotherapy
• Methotrexate
• Cyclosporine
• JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and baricitinib)

Home Care and Stress Management

In addition to traditional treatment options, there are steps you can take to address hair loss and reduce discomfort:

• Keep affected areas covered to protect from cold and sun damage
• Wear hats and/or scarves to stay warm
• Apply antibiotic ointment inside the nose to prevent infection
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation
• Consider using cosmetics and accessories to help cover balding areas or recreate the appearance of hair

Prioritizing Mental Health

Alopecia areata can have a significant impact on mental well-being. It’s essential to prioritize your mental health and well-being throughout your journey. Keep your doctor informed of any changes in your physical, mental, or emotional health, and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed.

Remember, alopecia areata is not life-threatening, and with the right treatment and support, you can manage the condition and regain lost hair.