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Understanding Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

Type 2 diabetes is a complex condition that can take years to develop, and its symptoms may not be immediately apparent. However, by understanding the risk factors and making informed lifestyle choices, you can reduce your chances of developing this condition.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the way your body regulates blood sugar levels. It accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases and affects approximately 34 million Americans. In type 2 diabetes, your body becomes resistant to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter your cells for energy.

Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

While some risk factors are outside of your control, others can be managed through lifestyle changes. The common risk factors include:

Family History of Diabetes

If your parents or siblings have type 2 diabetes, you are more likely to develop the condition. Research suggests that over 400 different DNA sequences are associated with type 2 diabetes, which can be passed down from your ancestors.

Membership in a Historically Marginalized Group

People from historically marginalized populations have a higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes due to external challenges such as income disparity, education level, and discrimination.

Age Over 45

As we age, our bodies undergo physical and mental changes that can contribute to chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes.

Prediabetes

Prediabetes means your blood sugar levels are high but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. You can still prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes by making lifestyle changes.

Higher BMI

Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, it’s essential to note that BMI is not always an accurate indicator of overall health.

Past or Current Gestational Diabetes

Women who experience gestational diabetes during pregnancy are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.

Lack of Physical Activity

Regular physical activity can help lower your blood sugar levels and reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Excess Fat Around Your Belly

Having excess fat around your belly, also known as visceral fat, can lead to health issues like type 2 diabetes.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Women with PCOS are more likely to develop insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes due to hormonal imbalances.

Can You Prevent Type 2 Diabetes?

While you can’t change your age or genetics, you can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by making lifestyle changes. Here are some prevention tips:

• Quit smoking, as it can lead to insulin resistance and higher blood sugar levels.
• Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderately intense physical activity per week.
• Drink water instead of sugary drinks to help decrease insulin resistance and lower fasting blood sugar.
• Eat a nutrient-dense diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats.
• Follow up with a healthcare professional if you have several risk factors.

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

A healthcare professional will use various tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Treatment may involve monitoring blood sugar levels, taking oral medication, or injectable insulin. In some cases, lifestyle changes alone can help manage blood sugar levels and reduce the need for medication.

Bottom Line

Many risk factors for type 2 diabetes are outside of your control, but you can focus on making lifestyle changes to prevent or delay the onset of this condition. By understanding the risk factors and taking proactive steps, you can reduce your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Consult with a healthcare professional to create a personalized prevention or management plan that works for you.